Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in the UAE

Approximately 2% of the general population in the UAE have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a mental health disorder that causes recurring thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Many people with OCD in the UAE find it to be a frightening experience. OCD can take different forms, but most people experience repetitive, intrusive thoughts and impulses that they cannot ignore. These thoughts lead to the performance of repetitive activities in an attempt to find relief. It's important to differentiate between OCD and perfectionism, as OCD involves a higher level of time spent on compulsion and obsession.

Definition of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

OCD is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurring cycle of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). These thoughts are uncontrollable and intrusive fears, impulses, sensations, or ideas that cause extreme distress. Some individuals with OCD may recognize that their obsessions are unrealistic, while others believe they are real. Compulsive behaviors are carried out in an attempt to reduce and control this distress and prevent feared ideas. Although obsessions and compulsions may seem unnecessary and strange, they can become uncontrollable and interfere with daily life, causing significant problems. Consulting a psychiatrist is recommended if you are experiencing obsessions or urges to engage in compulsions.

Causes of OCD

The exact causes of OCD are not known, but experts believe that having a family history of the condition increases the risk of developing it. Irregular development and impairment of specific areas in the brain are also associated with OCD. There is evidence suggesting that OCD may be related to how the brain reacts to serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates sleep and mood.

Risk Factors

In addition to a genetic predisposition, other factors can contribute to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder. These include:

• Trauma or stress: Stress at home, work, school, or in personal relationships increases the risk of developing or worsening OCD symptoms.
• Traumatic brain injury: OCD can appear for the first time after a head injury.
• Childhood abuse: Children who experience traumatic events or abuse such as severe neglect or bullying have a higher risk of developing OCD.
• Personality traits: Specific personality traits such as perfectionism, heightened feelings of responsibility, or an inability to handle uncertainty may contribute to the development of OCD.
• Childhood acute neuropsychiatric symptoms (CANS): For some children, OCD begins immediately after infection, particularly after a streptococcal infection. This syndrome is known as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus (PANDAS). Other diseases or infections can also cause symptoms. It's important to note that having a family history of OCD and other risk factors does not guarantee the development of the condition, and people without any risk factors can also develop OCD.

Symptoms of OCD

OCD is characterized by two types of symptoms: obsessions and compulsions. Individuals may experience one or both of these symptoms. These symptoms are not short-lived or fleeting; even mild symptoms can take up to an hour daily and significantly affect one's life. They can interfere with tasks and attention at school. The compulsive behaviors may feel uncontrollable, even if one is aware that they are not rational.

Obsessions

Obsessive thoughts can take various forms, but the most common ones include:

• Fear of self-harm or harming others
• Worries about illness, dirt, or germs
• Fear of saying something obscene or offensive
• Explicit violent or sexual thoughts
• Need for orderliness
• Worries about throwing away personal items
• Intrusive sounds, words, or images
• Worries about safety and health, for oneself and loved ones
• Questioning one's sexual orientation or desires

Attempts to suppress these obsessions are often unsuccessful, leading to a stronger belief that they may come true or are true if no action is taken to prevent them.

Compulsions

Compulsions are repetitive mental acts or behaviors that individuals feel compelled to engage in to reduce the distress caused by the obsessions. These compulsions can be directly related to an obsessive worry or unrelated actions that help reduce anxiety. Repeating these behaviors becomes time-consuming and can interfere with daily activities. Common compulsions include:

• Excessive handwashing, cleaning, or brushing teeth to the point of skin or tooth damage
• Arranging or ordering things in a specific way
• Avoiding public transport, public toilets, touching door handles, or shaking hands
• Repeatedly checking appliances, switches, doors, and locks
• Performing tasks a specific number of times and in a specific way
• Constantly seeking reassurance or approval
• Checking on loved ones to ensure their well-being
• Excessive praying or engaging in rituals associated with religious fear
• Repeating certain prayers, phrases, or words
• Tapping, counting, or needing to count objects
• Hiding objects that could be used for self-harm or harming others
• Collecting specific objects or buying multiple of the same object.

Treatment Options

While there is no known way to prevent or cure OCD, treatment can help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Early treatment is crucial, as symptoms can worsen over time. Treatment can reduce symptoms and improve daily functioning, as well as help manage related disorders such as depression and anxiety. Treatment options include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. If you believe you are experiencing symptoms of OCD, it is advisable to seek help from a professional, such as the best psychiatrists in Dubai.