Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Global Prevalence of ADHD

• 2.2% prevalence in children and adolescents below 18 years
• Range of 0.1% to 8.1% in children and adolescents
• 2.8% prevalence in adults between 18 and 44 years

ADHD Throughout Life

• ADHD is now acknowledged to persist into adulthood
• Symptoms can vary based on age

What is ADHD?

• Chronic condition that affects behavior
• Starts in childhood and often continues into adulthood
• Symptoms include trouble concentrating, restlessness, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity
• Symptoms can become more noticeable in school
• Some individuals never outgrow the condition
• Treatment can help manage the symptoms but does not cure ADHD

Symptoms of ADHD in Children

Inattention:

• Easily distracted
• Making careless mistakes
• Trouble organizing tasks
• Difficulty focusing and following instructions
• Disliking or avoiding tasks that require mental effort
• Forgetting to do chores or daily activities
• Losing items required for activities or tasks

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:

• Excessive talking
• Fidgeting or squirming
• Difficulty waiting for turn
• Trouble sitting still
• Interrupting or blurting out answers
• Interrupting others' conversations or activities
• Climbing or running around in inappropriate situations
• Always being on the go

Symptoms of ADHD in Adults

• Anxiety
• Forgetfulness
• Tendency to be late
• Low self-esteem
• Impulsiveness
• Anger issues
• Trouble staying organized
• Problems at work
• Substance misuse or addiction
• Depression
• Boredom
• Frustration
• Procrastination
• Mood swings
• Trouble concentrating when reading
• Relationship problems

Causes of ADHD

• Genes and heredity (ADHD tends to run in families)
• Differences in brain anatomy and function
• Drinking, smoking, infections, poor nutrition, and substance abuse during pregnancy
• Brain disorders or injuries
• Toxins like lead

Complications Caused by ADHD

• Poor self-esteem
• Struggling in the classroom
• Trouble interacting or being accepted by others
• Increased risk of injuries and accidents
• Increased risk of substance abuse

Diagnosis of ADHD

• Diagnosis can be challenging, especially in children
• Physician considers symptoms, duration, and rules out other factors
• Diagnostic tests may include a social and medical history, physical exam, neurological assessment, and psychological evaluation

Living with ADHD

• ADHD can make life challenging, but with the right treatment, individuals can live normal lives
• Seek help from psychiatrists or medical professionals if you suspect ADHD