Breast Cancer: Types and Symptoms

According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer, with 2.3 million women diagnosed and 685,000 deaths globally in 2020. It is important to be aware of the different types of breast cancer and their symptoms in order to seek medical help early.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a condition where the cells in the breasts grow abnormally. There are different types of breast cancer, depending on the cells affected. It can start in different parts of the breast, such as the ducts, connective tissue, and lobules. Breast cancer can also spread to lymph nodes and blood vessels, which is known as metastasis.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

It is recommended to go for regular screening tests and be aware of any changes in your breasts. Here are some common symptoms of breast cancer:

• New mass or lump in the breast
• Swelling on part or all of the breast
• Nipple or breast pain
• Skin dimpling
• Nipple retraction
• Unusual nipple discharge
• Red, flaking, dry, or thickened nipple or breast skin
• Swollen lymph nodes near the collarbone or under the arm

Please note that not all breast lumps are caused by breast cancer, but it is advisable to have any changes in your breasts checked by a healthcare practitioner.

Types of Breast Cancer

There are two categories of breast cancer: invasive and non-invasive. The aggressiveness of the tumor and its likelihood of recurrence depend on various factors. Here are some types of breast cancer:

Invasive Breast Cancer

Most breast cancers are invasive, meaning they have spread to other areas of the breast or body. Examples of invasive breast cancer include:

• Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type of breast cancer, starting in the milk duct and spreading to other parts of the breast.
• Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Starting in the lobules and spreading into the breast tissue. It is harder to detect on mammograms.
• Paget's Disease of the Breast: A less common type of breast cancer that affects the skin of the areola and nipples.
• Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A fast-spreading cancer with inflammatory signs on the surface of the breast.
• Phyllodes Tumors: Rare tumors that grow in the connective tissues of the breasts.
• Angiosarcoma of the Breast: A rare cancer that develops in the blood vessels or lymph lining of the breast, often due to previous radiation therapy.

Non-Invasive Breast Cancer

Non-invasive or in situ breast cancer remains in one area of the breast and does not spread to surrounding tissue. Examples include:

• Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): Starting as a lump in the milk ducts and potentially spreading into the surrounding breast tissue.
• Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS): Not considered cancer, but changes in the breast that increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer.

Breast Cancer in Men

Although rare, men can also develop breast cancer. Any type of breast cancer that affects women can affect men as well. It is important for everyone to be aware of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer and seek medical help if needed.

Understanding the different types of breast cancer and their symptoms can help in early detection and treatment. If you have any concerns, it is crucial to go for screening and consult healthcare experts.