What is PCOS?

PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, is a hormonal condition that affects women in their childbearing years. It occurs when the ovaries produce a higher amount of androgens (male sex hormones) than usual. PCOS is named after the numerous small cysts that develop in the ovaries, although not all women with PCOS have cysts and some women without PCOS do have cysts. This condition can cause problems with the menstrual cycle and lead to various symptoms.

Causes

The exact reasons why someone might develop PCOS are not fully understood, but the condition has been linked to insulin resistance. This means that the body is unable to use insulin effectively, resulting in increased insulin levels and higher androgen levels. Obesity is also associated with PCOS because it contributes to higher insulin levels. Additionally, there may be a genetic component to developing PCOS, as it can run in families.

Symptoms

There are several symptoms that may indicate the presence of PCOS.

• Irregular periods: Having fewer than eight menstrual cycles in a year, prolonged intervals between periods (more than 35 days), prolonged heavy or light periods, or a lack of periods for four months or more.
• Acne: PCOS can cause excess androgen levels and high blood sugar, leading to progressive acne.
• Excess body hair growth: Hirsutism, which is excessive body hair growth in masculine patterns.
• Hair loss: Female pattern hair loss or androgenic alopecia.
• Weight gain: Especially in the upper body.
• Difficulty getting pregnant: Irregular or absent ovulation.

Consultation with healthcare professional

If you are experiencing symptoms of PCOS, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if you have the condition. Early detection and treatment can help manage the disorder and its associated health issues, such as infertility.